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Researchers from Northwestern University and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign are the first to develop a curvilinear camera, much like the human eye, with the significant feature of a zoom capability, unlike the human eye.

The “eyeball camera” has a 3.5x optical zoom, takes sharp images, is inexpensive to make and is only the size of a nickel. (A higher zoom is possible with the technology.)

While the camera won’t be appearing at Best Buy any time soon, the tunable camera — once optimized — should be useful in many applications, including night-vision surveillance, robotic vision, endoscopic imaging and consumer electronics.

“We were inspired by the human eye, but we wanted to go beyond the human eye,” said Yonggang Huang, Joseph Cummings Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at Northwestern’s McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science. “Our goal was to develop something simple that can zoom and capture good images, and we’ve achieved that.”

The tiny camera combines the best of both the human eye and an expensive single-lens reflex (SLR) camera with a zoom lens. It has the simple lens of the human eye, allowing the device to be small, and the zoom capability of the SLR camera without the bulk and weight of a complex lens. The key is that both the simple lens and photodetectors are on flexible substrates, and a hydraulic system can change the shape of the substrates appropriately, enabling a variable zoom.

Extraordinary items

1.The accountants are now inclined to use the all-inclusive concept in the preparation of the profit and loss for a company.

2.The only post was also charged or credited directly to Retained Earnings account is the adjustment of prior period resulting from correction of errors, and certain accounting changes that require realignment of the financial statements of previous periods.

3.The whole extraordinary profit or loss and that rarely happens immediately closed to the Summary of Profit and loss account and reported in the income statement.

4.Unusual transactions, material, and rarely presented separately as a group of extraordinary items. Other posts that amount of material, but can not be classified as extraordinary items reported and disclosed separately.

5.Cumulative adjustments resulting from changes in accounting principles disclosed separately prior to net income.

6.Termination of the activities of a company’s segments are classified separately in the income statement after income from ongoing activities and before extraordinary items.

The financial statements are the result of recording, grouping, pengikhtisaran record, the application of the principles and accounting practices, and use of personal experiences constituent data. Therefore, not surprising that the financial statements contain the following limitations.

1.Historical character.

2.General nature.

3.Use of estimates and personal considerations.

4.Contains material information only.

5.Conservative.

6.Emphasizing the economic meaning, not in legal form.

7.Using technical terms of accounting.

8.Containing a variety of alternative methods of accounting.

9.Unable to present qualitative information that is non-financial.

• The basic assumption in the preparation and presentation of financial statements is an accrual basis and going concern. There are four characteristics of the financial statements, that is understandable, relevant, reliable and comparable. The elements of the financial statements include the assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, gains, losses, payments to owners, distributions to owners.
• In general, at least there are three parties that a career in accounting, related to accounting and financial reporting, the management accountant (accounting firms), public accountants and the users report.